Electrical apparatus.



A. PRUESSMAN.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

,APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1916.

Patented Oct. 30, 1917.

'AITy Warm locations. plishediby. separatingrtherlayers of,-1nsulat- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBE T TRUEssMAN, or nnnwim, 'ILL'INOIS, nssrenoa TO WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, or'rmw YORK, "1\T.'Y.,.A CoRPoRATIoNoF NEW YORK.

' ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Applicationfiled November 24, 1916.

TOICZZZ whom 41tmay concern Be .it known that .I, ALBERT 'PRUEESSMAN, a citizen of the United vStates, residing at Berwymin the countyiof Cook andState'of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsfin Electrical Apparatus, of. which the following is full, clear, -con cise, and exact jdescription.

.This invention .relates to electrical apparatus, such as loading coils, condensers, transformers :and-the like, and more pai tioularl to scaling and protectingapparatusio thisso'rt,

. ,Heretofore, when ithas- 'been necessary to mount such apparatus in exposed positions, ithas been customary ito' provide a housing or case in which \the apparatus v is ;placed, and to :surround the apparatus with an insulating compound which, when hardened, serveseto hold the apparatus in place and'to protect ill Such a compound :is necessarily C'fa low meltingpointingorder that theapparatusrma'y not' be :injured by its application. insulating compounds which have been found especially :suitable for :this purpose have also :been :found to be subject to cold flow. The term cold flow as here used refers to ithe iproperty of a normally solid body to alteriits shape Withinsthe range of climatic temperatures and especially within the high temperatures.encountered in tropical countries -when exposed to the directlrays df thesun Ithasbeen customary .to cover the insulating compound with a layerof sanother compound, such asxasphaltum, which :provides anaeflicient seal against moisture. Both :the insulating and sealing compoundsfiarersub ect to eoldrflow,

l1OW6VQI',fZtIllIl under extremely :warm conditions, it has been found that the sealing compound being of :greater density, tends to exchange position Wltll the insulating compound, destroying/the :cffieienoy of the seal obtained by the sealingcompound, and often displacing the coil from its proper po sition, with resultant impairment :of the insulationi and efiiciency of the apparatus.

The 1 object of the present invention is to overcome the-above difiiculties and to effect an eflieient' iseparation I of the: insulating and sealing Aeompoundsvthroughout the wide range of temperature oftenzencountered -in installations lots-apparatus in "extremely This :object is accom- Specificationof Letters'Patent.

Patentedflc't. 3.0, 1917.

SeriaLNo;-133,14B.

ing and sealingcompounds by a layer of compound which will have ,no flow at the maximum temperature encountered in such service conditions.

Another object is -;to confine the insulating, compound in I place within the range ot temperatures encountered in practice; while a third object isv to successfully confine the apparatus treated in proper position .even in event of cold flow of the insulating compound. .To-eft'ect this, .a part :of the :apparatusor the :meaus used to :position the apparatus, extends into Ethe confining compound. and is thereby effectually held against :IDOVGIHQIlt.

' :lieferrlng to the drawing which illustratesjone form of the -.invention, -.the drawing shows a cross-sectional View of an .inclosed loading .coil constructed in accordance therewith,:and wherein taeeoillof any desired )CODSCILIGHOH is placed in a lease 2 of any desired material, iron being generally used. The coil 1 is supported in proper position in the Leasing 2 in any desired manner; for example, Wedges 3 may be :used, as :shown in United States Patent No. 1,168,812 to Stanley .13. .-Kent dated January 118, 1915. The'bottomiof'the casing Qis provided with an opening in which a bushing4 is-placed, and a conductor-5 passes through the'bushingzto ithe coil 1. Thebushing 4'is preferably heldiin place by leading (3. Thebottom opening and bushingjare unnecessary if Ell.litl1e-'.COIldllGl OIS are led-out through the top ,of the casing 2. In this event, aiblocksueh asthe-block-l3;of1?atent 1,168,312, -,migl1tibe -.us ed-to position the coil a {proper distancegfrom the bottom of the casing, if desired. To insureagainst =moi-sture enteringthe easing along the conductor 5, thelatter preferably has-the part-of the conductor centrally of the bushing 4 wound with cotton wicking 7 to .make a tightjoint. A. space betweenthe outerpart of theconductoriand the bushing .i-s filled .witha confiningeompound 8, which is also run intothe-interior ofthelcasing to asu fii eient depth to coverthe @top of .the; bushing, care being taken tllOall'lSllI'O? that the. space between the conductor' 5 and the: inner end I of the bushing is completely ,filled. .After the compound 8 has -hardened,;an insulating compound 1 9 is then poured ,into the casing .to a --.depth sufficientto cover the coil 11.; the

wedges i 3-being long enough .so stha-tithe upper ends thereof are not covered by the compound 9. The compound 9 may be one which is normally solid and which can be poured at a temperature below 230 Fahrenheit, and is poured into the casing while melted. One compound having the desired characteristics consists chiefly of rosin and rosin oil, but any insulating compound may be used which melts'at a temperature low enough so as not to injure the coil 1 when applied thereto. The compound 9 may hold the coil 1 in position without the use of the wedges 3 or of any other-supporting means. If they are omitted, the coil 1 will be supported in place until the compound 9 has hardened sufliciently to support the coil alone.

If none of the conductors are brought out of the casing below the top of the compound 9, a casing having no openings in the bottom, such as shown in Patent 1,168,312, could be used, in which case, the compound 8 would be omitted and the compound 9 poured directly into the bottom of the casing 2, until the coil 1 was surrounded thereby. The compound 8 has the same characteristics as the compound 10, hereinafter described.

After the compound 9 has been added and cooled, a layer of separating and confining compound 10 is poured on. The separating compound is not subject to cold fiow within temperatures which would be reached on exposure of the casing and its contents to the direct action of the sun in extremely hot weather, or when the apparatus is positioned in abnormally warm places, as engine rooms and the like. When solid, the compound 10 has a strength great enough to confine the compound 9 and coil 1 in place under the extreme range of temperature conditions to which the apparatus may be exposed, independent of the position in which it may be placed. The separating compound 10 should be such that the compound 9 will neither mix therewith nor have any detrimental effect thereon, and is preferably of electrically non-conducting composition so that the coil need only be covered with the compound 9 to a depth such that the high temperature of the compound 10 will not injure the coil on being poured into place. It is, however, possible to expose a small part of the coil 1 to the compound 10 by adding the compound slowly until it has solidified about the exposed portion thereof. The wedges 3 are also held in place by the compound 10. This arrangement is useful in helping to hold the coil 1 in place, and is a desirable feature of the invention.

A compound produced from asphalt which has been purified and had air blown through it while heated to oxidize the asphalt, and this product fluxed with heavy petroleum, has been found satisfactory for the compound 10, and is not sub ect to cold flow. This compound melts at about 390 Fahrenheit. The invention is not restricted to the use of this particular compound, however, as a variety of other compounds could obviously be used.

The casing 2 has a cover 11 which is secured thereto, a gasket 12 being interposed between the casing and cover to secure a tight joint. The cover 11 is provided with two plugs 13 and 14, the plug 13 being located at the highest point in the interior of the casing. The cover would usually be applied after the placing of the separating compound 10, and have the plugs 13 and 14 removed. A tube would be placed in each of the plug openings, the tube placed in the opening 15 permitting the air to escape from the casing, while a second scaling compound 16 is being poured into the casing through another tube located in the plug opening 17. The compound 16 is normally solid and has preferably a lower melting point than that of the compound 10. The compound 16 may consist of asphaltuni fluxed with heavy petroleum, and may be subject to cold flow at the extreme high temperatures encountered when installed outside. This composition has been found to cling tenaciously to the casing and to aid considerably in the at tainment of an eflicient moistureproof seal. This particular composition, however, is not essential, as any desired sealing compound 16, which will not injure the compound 10, may be used in practice. The compound 16 would be poured in through a tube in the plug opening 17 as described, until the tube in the plug opening 15 contained a suflicient quantity to completely fill the casing 2 on cooling. After the compound 16 is cooled, the tubes would be removed and the plugs 13 and 14, after being coated with red lead, would be screwed in place to complete the device. The leading of the plugs aids in making the casing moistureproof.

Conductors 18 leading to the coil 1 would be brought out through suitable bushings 19 in the casing 2, the connection between the bushings and casing, and conductors and bushings being moistureproof.

hat is claimed is:

1. The combination with a casing and apparatus in said casing, of a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, and a sealing medium in said casing covering said first named medium, said sealing medium being incapable of flow at temperatures attained by the sealing medium under high temperature service conditions.

2. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, of a medium in said casing surrounding said appa ratus, a sealin medium of greater density than the medium surrounding said apparatus, and a separating medium intermediate said other media, sa1d other media being capable of flow at a temperature below that at which said separating medium will flow.

3. The combination with a closed casing and apparatus in said casing, of a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, a separating medium covering said first named medium, said separating medium being incapable of flow at temperatures attained thereby under high temperature service conditions, and a sealing medium covering said separating medium and completely filling the space in said casing not occupied. by said apparatus, the medium surrounding said apparatus and the separating medium.

4. The combination with a casing and electrical apparatus therein, of an insulating medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, and a sealing medium covering said insulating medium to seal the same against moisture, said sealing medium being incapable of flow at temperatures attained thereby under high temperature service conditions.

5. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed therein, of a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, a portion of said apparatus being exposed outside of said medium, and a second medium covering said first named medium and an exposed portion of said apparatus to hold said apparatus in position, said second medium being incapable of flow at temperatures attained thereby under high temperatu re service conditions.

6. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed therein, of a medium surrounding said apparatus, a retaining me dium covering said first named medium, a third medium covering said retaining medium and cooperating therewith to seal said apparatus, said retaining medium being solid and incapable of flow at temperatures considerably above those at which both of said other media flow, and serving to retain said other media in place.

7. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, of a medium surrounding said apparatus, and a second medium incapable of cold flow in engagement with first named medium to confine the same within said casing.

8. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, of a me dium surrounding said apparatus, means extending from said apparatus exteriorly of said casing, and a second medium incapable of cold flow in engagement with said means and with said first mentioned medium to confine the latter within said casing.

9. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, of a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, a portion of said apparatus being exposed outside of said medium, and a second medium incapable of cold flow covering said exposed portion of said apparatus and serving to hold said apparatus in position.

10. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, a positioning means to locate said apparatus in place, and a second medium incapable of cold flow engaging said positioning means to hold the same against displacement.

11. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed in said casing, of wedges between said casing and apparatus positioning the latter, and a medium incapable of cold flow engaging said wedges to hold the same against displacement.

12. The combination with a casing and apparatus inclosed therein, of a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, a portion of said apparatus being exposed outside of said medium, positioning means to locate said apparatus in place, and a second medium covering said first named medium and engaging said positioning means to holdthe same against displacement.

18. The combination with a casing hav ing an opening therethrough and apparatus inclosed therein, of means leading from said apparatus to the exterior of said casing through said opening, a medium in said casing surrounding said apparatus, and a plastic medium forming a tight closure between said means leading from the apparatus and said casing to confine said first named medium within said casing, said plastic medium being incapable of flow at temperatures attained thereby under high temperature service conditions.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 21st day of Nov. A. D., 1916.

ALBERT PRUESSMAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

